Apparel with ultrasonic position sensing and haptic feedback for activities

ABSTRACT

An article of apparel, a system, and methods include a fabric configured to conform to a body of a wearer. A plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors are secured with respect to the fabric at a first set of predetermined locations, each of the ultrasonic positioning sensors configured to emit a sound wave configured to be detected by other ones of the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and output an electronic signal indicative of having emitted or detected a sound wave. A plurality of feedback devices secured with respect to the fabric at a second set of predetermined locations, each of the feedback devices configured to output a feedback signal configured to be detectable by the wearer of the article of apparel.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 15/365,815,filed Nov. 30, 2016, which application claims the benefit of priority ofU.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/260,988, filed on Nov. 30, 2015,which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to an article ofapparel with a ultrasonic position detection and haptic feedback basedon activities.

BACKGROUND

Articles of apparel, such as shirts, jackets, pants, footwear, and thelike, have long been customized for use with particular activities.While certain activities support any of a range of types of articles ofapparel, from loose-fitting to conformal, other activities areconventionally performed or conducted in relatively conformal forform-fitting apparel. For instance, aerobic exercises, acrobatics, yoga,and many other activities are commonly performed in tight-fittingapparel and various articles of apparel have been designed to providesuch a conformal fitting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation inthe figures of the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are front and back depictions, respectively, of anarticle of apparel including various electronic devices, in an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of electronics of the article of apparel, inan example embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an abstract illustration of the function of positioningsensors, in an example embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an abstract rendering of an activity program, in an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system including the article of apparel,in an example embodiment.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are a depiction and a block diagram of an alternativeexample of an article of apparel and related system, in an exampleembodiment.

FIGS. 7A-7C are illustrations of examples of arrangements of particularfeedback devices.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a sleeve configured to be work over an armof a wearer and incorporating various devices and functions of thearticle of apparel, in an example embodiment.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are side and top views, respectively, of a button motorthat may function as a haptic motor, in an example embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for making an article of apparel, in an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart for using an article of apparel, in an exampleembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems are directed to an article of apparel with aultrasonic position detection and haptic feedback based on activities.Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly statedotherwise, components and functions are optional and may be combined orsubdivided, and operations may vary in sequence or be combined orsubdivided. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thoroughunderstanding of example embodiments. It will be evident to one skilledin the art, however, that the present subject matter may be practicedwithout these specific details.

Articles of apparel for particular activities have been developed thatutilize electronics for various purposes. For instance, yoga apparel hasbeen developed that incorporates haptic feedback devices at specificlocations. An external sensor, such as a motion-capture camera, monitorsthe wearer of the apparel as the wearer engages in predetermined motionsand positions. When the wearer deviates from the predetermined motions,the wearer receives a haptic interaction to guide the wearer back intoproper position.

However, by relying on external sensors, such systems may havelimitations on the capacity to determine what the user is doing andwhether or not feedback is called for. For instance, while a camera mayprovide views of a front aspect of a user, the camera may not have viewsof the side and rear of the user. Even the use of multiple cameras maystill result in portions of the body that may not be viewable all thetime, particularly as the wearer twists and otherwise performs theprescribed actions.

An article of apparel has been developed that provides for hapticfeedback to guide a wearer through an activity that has integratedsensors. In various examples, the integrated sensors are ultrasonicsensors, though alternative sensors that operate on related, distanceand direction-finding principles, may be utilized as well. Theultrasonic sensors are placed at predetermined locations on the articleof apparel, conforming to locations of particular relevance to theactivity. Based on the output of the sensors and data concerning how thesensors should be in relation to one another, a controller outputssignals to haptic devices to signal the wearer to adjust a position,motion, or other aspect of their activity.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are front and back depictions, respectively, of anarticle of apparel 100 including various electronic devices, in anexample embodiment. The article of apparel 100 includes a fabric 102base made from an elastane or other stretchable synthetic fiber or anyfiber, textile, or material that may provide for the article of apparel100 to be conformal to the wearer's torso and, in the illustratedfull-body example, the wearer's body generally. The article of apparel100 further includes multiple positioning sensors 104 configured togenerate electronic outputs indicative of a relative position of thepositioning sensors 104 with respect to one another, as will bedisclosed in detail herein. In various examples, the positioning sensors104 are or include ultrasonic sensors. In the illustrated example, thepositioning sensors 104 are positioned at six discrete locations: leftshoulder sensor 104A; right shoulder sensor 104B; left arm sensor 104C;right arm sensor 104D; left side sensor 104E; right side sensor 104F. Itis noted that, while the various positioning sensors 104 are depicted asaffirmatively being on either the front or the back of the article ofapparel 100, various examples allow for the positioning sensors 104 tobe on the front, back, or sides of the article of apparel 100.Furthermore, the number and configuration of positioning sensors 104 onthe article of apparel 100 may be selectively adapted to the desiredactivities and the degree of positioning precision desired, including bylocating positioning sensors on the legs of the article of apparel 100,such as at the knees.

The article of apparel 100 further includes feedback devices 106configured to provide a sensory output discernable to a wearer of thearticle of apparel 100. In various examples, the feedback devices 106are haptic feedback devices. In various examples, the haptic feedbackdevices are comprised of one or more individual haptic motors or otherhaptic devices, such as electroactive polymers, each positioned to beseparately discernable to the wearer. In various examples, each feedbackdevice 106 includes from one (1) to five (5) individual haptic motors,though it is emphasized that in other examples as many haptic motors maybe included in each feedback device 106 as desired. Furthermore, theindividual feedback devices 106 may alternatively or additionallyinclude alternative feedback elements configured to deliver sensoryoutput to the wearer using alternative mechanisms, including electricalstimulation, heat, sound, light, or any other mechanism as desired. Theindividual haptic motors and/or other feedback elements may beselectively and individually engaged alone or in combinations togenerate different haptic sensations for the wearer.

As illustrated, the feedback devices 106 are positioned at discretelocation on the article of apparel 100 intended to provide feedback toparticular locations on the body of the wearer. In various examples, atleast some of the locations correspond to predetermined pressure pointson the wearer's body that may be identified as being relevant to a givenactivity. In the illustrated example, the feedback devices 106 include:left shoulder device 106A; right shoulder device 106B; left ribcagedevice 106C; right ribcage device 106D; left hip device 106E; right hipdevice 106F; midriff device 106G; tailbone device 106H; left knee device106; right knee device 106J; left arm device 106K, and right arm device106L. The corresponding locations may be related to yoga and/or actionsor activities typically associated with yoga, among other activities.Individual feedback devices 106 may be omitted or added, as desired.

While the positioning sensors 104 and the feedback devices 106 are not,in this example, depicted as being substantially or completelyco-located, in various examples some or all of the positioning sensors104 and feedback devices 106 are co-located. The positioning sensors 104and feedback devices 106 may be substantially co-located by beingpositioned within a short distance of one another, e.g., approximatelytwo (2) to five (5) centimeters, or may be co-located by substantiallyoverlapping one another on the fabric 102. Furthermore, while specificlocations for positioning sensors 104 are illustrated, it is to beunderstood that additional positioning sensors 104 may be utilized asdesired. In an example, a positioning sensor 104 is co-located with eachfeedback device 106.

The article of apparel 100 further optionally includes a respirationsensor 108 positioned so as to detect expansion and contraction of thefabric 102 proximate the ribcage and/or midriff of the wearer of thearticle of apparel 100. In an example, the respiration sensor 108 is astrain gauge extending laterally across the article of apparel 100. Thestrain gauge detects increased strain during inhalation and decreasedstrain during exhalation. The strain gauge specifically, or therespiration sensor 108 generally, may be sensitive to a binary instancein which the wearer breathes as well as the duration of a breath(measured from a particular moment of the detection of an increase instrain or other indication of the start of a breath to a last moment ofthe detection of the decrease in strain or other indication of the endof a breath), the size or depth of a breath (e.g., based on themagnitude of change between the strain gauge in the relaxed state and amaximum amount of strain measured), the location of a breath (e.g., thelargest amount of strain being sensed at the ribcage or at the midriffor belly), and so forth.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of electronics of the article of apparel 100,in an example embodiment. The positioning sensors 104 form a positioningsensor array 200 which, with the data generated form the individualpositioning sensors 104, may be utilized to determine an approximateorientation the positioning sensors 104 with respect to one another and,by extension, the posture of the wearer of the article of apparel 100.As will be disclosed in detail herein, the positioning sensor array 200may produce data over time, allowing both instantaneous position to bedetermined at a particular time as well as the nature of movement of thepositioning sensors 104 over time. Thus, the positioning sensor array200 may provide data related to a given position as well as the movementthat resulted in the position.

The feedback devices 106 are similarly organized in a feedback devicearray 202. The positioning sensor array 200 and the feedback devicearray 202 are coupled to a processor 204 configured to receive inputsfrom each of the positioning sensors 104 and the respiration sensor 108and transmit commands to feedback devices 106. The processor 204 isconfigured to utilize the inputs from the positioning sensors 104 andthe strain gauge 108 to coordinate the output of the feedback devices106 based on either a predetermined activity program or concurrentlygenerated input from a remote source, such as a remote trainer.

In an example, the processor 204 is coupled to an electronic datastorage 206, such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM),flash memory, and the like. The electronic data storage 206 isoptionally configured to store data related to an activity program. Inparticular, the data related to the activity program specifiespositional relationships between and among the positioning sensors 104and, optionally, respiration parameters that should be sensed by therespiration sensor 108 at particular times during an activity session,as will be disclosed in detail herein. In various examples, theinclusion of the activity program in the electronic data storage 206 mayallow the article of apparel 100 to implement feedback via the feedbackdevices 106 as a standalone unit. However, in various examples, thearticle of apparel 100 is at least partially or wholly dependent on anexternal source for the activity parameters and does not necessarilyinclude the storage of the activity program, in whole or in part, in anative electronic data storage 206.

The processor 204 is optionally coupled to a wireless receiver 208,which is configured to communicate with an external wireless transmitter210. The wireless receiver 208 is configured to receive the activityprogram described above and herein from the external wirelesstransmitter 210. The wireless receiver 208 may receive the activityprogram serially and in real time, specifying what the positioningsensors 104 and/or the respiration sensor 108 should be sensing at thatparticular time. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless receiver208 may receive the activity program in whole or in part prospectively,following which the activity program may be stored in whole or in partin the electronic data storage 206 and accessed by the processor 204 asdescribed above. While the wireless receiver 208 is describedspecifically as a receiver, it is to be understood that the electronicsthat implement the wireless receiver 208 may be a wireless transceiverand may be configured to transmit wireless signals as well as receivewireless signals.

A power source 212 is coupled to the positioning sensor array 200, thefeedback device array 202, the respiration sensor 108, the processor204, the electronic data storage 206, and the wireless receiver 208 andconfigured to provide power to those components, as needed. The powersource 212 may be or may include a battery or rechargeable battery aswell as other power supply components as needed and as known in the art.Additionally or alternatively, the power source 212 may be or mayinclude kinetic energy generators or other sources of power that maydraw power from the movement of the article of apparel 100 orenvironmental conditions.

The processor 204, electronic data storage 206, wireless receiver 208,and the power source 212 are described above as components of thearticle of apparel 100. In such examples, the process 204, electronicdata storage 206, and wireless receiver 208 are secured to or within thefabric 102 and protected against environmental conditions, such aswater, sweat, heat, and the like according to conventional mechanisms.Alternatively, some or all of the processor 204, electronic data storage206, wireless receiver 208, and the power source 212 are components of amobile device, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, media player,personal digital assistant (PDA), or dedicated external device that isin communicative contact with the positioning sensor array 200, thefeedback device array 202, and the respiration sensor 108, as will bedisclosed in detail herein.

FIG. 3 is an abstract illustration of the function of the positioningsensors 104, in an example embodiment. For the purposes of thisdescription, the positioning sensors 104 will be described such that thepositioning sensors 104 are or include ultrasonic positioning sensors104 or other audio-based distance and/or direction sensors. However, itis to be understood that the principles disclosed herein may be appliedto any suitable sensors that may be implemented in the article ofapparel 100.

Some or all of the positioning sensors 104 are configured to output asound wave that is detectable by some or all of the other positioningsensors 104. Thus, when the positioning sensor 104A emits a sound wave300, some or all of the positioning sensors 104B, 104C, 104D, 104E, 104Fmay sense the sound wave 300. In an example, the positioning sensor 104Atransmits an electronic signal to the processor 204 indicating that thesound wave 300 has been emitted, giving the processor 204 a referencetime t₁ corresponding to the transmittal of the sound wave 300. When oneof the other positioning sensors 104B, 104C, 104D, 104E, 104F, in thisexample positioning sensor 104B, detects the sound wave 300, thatpositing sensor 104B transmits a signal to the processor 204 indicatingthat that positing sensor 104B has detected the sound wave, giving theprocessor 204 a reference time t₂ for when the sound wave 300 wasdetected. The processor 204 may then calculate a distance D_(A-B)between the positioning sensors 104A and 104B by multiplying the time bythe speed of sound. As each other positioning sensor 104C, 104D, 104E,104F detects the sound wave 300 the positioning sensor 104C, 104D, 104E,104F outputs a signal indicating that the sound wave 300 was detected,allowing the processor to calculate the distance D_(A-X) for eachindividual positioning sensor 104C, 104D, 104E, 104F that detected thesound wave 300. In cases where a positioning sensor 104B, 104C, 104D,104E, 104F does not detect the sound wave 300, no distance may bedetermined for that sensor 104C, 104D, 104E, 104F based on the soundwave 300.

The various positioning sensors 104 may emit sound waves 300periodically, such as every quarter-second to every two (2) seconds, oron command from the processor 204 based on a determined need fordistance data between two or more positioning sensors 104. In variousexamples, individual positioning sensors 104 do not emit a sound wave300 at the same time as other positioning sensors 104, though variousexamples of the positioning sensors 104 may allow for concurrentemission of sound waves 300, for instance where the sound waves 300 areof varying frequency between and among the positioning sensors 104. Invarious examples, the processor 204 selective induces individualpositioning sensors 104 to emit a sound wave 300 based on desireddistance data. In further examples, a positioning sensor 104 may emit a“return” sound wave 300 upon sensing the first sound wave 300. Upon theoriginating positioning sensor 104A detecting the return sound wave 300,the distance between the originating and detecting positioning sensors,e.g., 104A, 104B, respectively, may be determined based on the averageof the determined distances D_(A-B) and D_(B-A) or by selecting one ofthe determined distances, e.g., D_(A-B), as having been corroborated bythe other determined distance D_(B-A) being within a predeterminedpercentage of the first distance D_(A-B).

The positioning sensors 104 may optionally have a directionalcapability. In particular, a positioning sensor 104 may sense thedirection a sound wave 300 was received rather than simply that thesound wave 300 was detected in the first instance. Thus, the output ofthe positioning sensors 104 may not simply be that a sound wave 300 wasdetected but the direction from which the sound wave 300 was detected.It will be apparent that the principles related to determined distancebetween positioning sensors 104 may be adapted to circumstances wheredirection between individual positioning sensors 104 is also known. Inparticular, uses of relative distances to determine relative positionbetween positioning sensors 104 may be obviated by the ability of anypositioning sensor pair, e.g., 104A and 104C, to know the distance anddirection of the other based on detecting a sound wave 300. In suchexamples, the processor 204 may simply utilize the distance anddirection information in comparison with the activity program to providefeedback to the wearer, as disclosed herein, without respect to thedistance between and among individual positioning sensors 104.

Provide feedback to a wearer of the article of apparel 100, theprocessor 204 receives signal from the various positioning sensors 104and determines the distance D between pairs of positioning sensors 104.These distances D may be visualized in table form, as presented belowfor the purposes of example and illustration:

TABLE 1 A - Left B- Right C - Left D - Right E - Left F - Right shouldershoulder arm arm side side A - Left X 43 cm  75 cm 104 cm 110 cm 132 cm shoulder B - Right X X 108 cm  35 cm 135 cm 108 cm  shoulder C - Left XX X 102 cm  51 cm 68 cm arm D - Right X X X X 113 cm 82 cm arm E - LeftX X X X X 42 cm side F - Right X X X X X X side

As illustrated in the example of Table 1, sampling the positioningsensors 104 produces distances D between the various positioning sensors104, while certain pairs of positioning sensors 104, e.g., positioningsensors 104A, 104F, produce no distance data because the positioningsensors 104A, 104F were no within range to detect the sound wave 300from one another. Table 1 may be updated over time as new distances Dare determined between pairs of positioning sensors 104.

While Table 1 includes only one distance between each pair ofpositioning sensors 104, e.g., D_(A-B) but not D_(B-A), it is emphasizedthat both distances may be included in various examples of the table.While both distances may be superfluous under various circumstances,conditions where both distances are in fact useful may fully fill outthe table.

As noted above, the activity program includes distance parameters thatare in effect at various times, as well as respiration and motionparameters as disclosed herein and that may be applied in the same orsimilar manner as the distance parameters. For a given time in theactivity program, the processor 204 cross-references the distances ofTable 1 against the distances of the activity program and identifiesdifferences between the distances, as will be disclosed herein. On thebasis of the differences, the processor 204 causes the feedback devices106 to generate a feedback to induce the wearer to adjust their postureor position.

The activity program may be agnostic as to the dimensions of the wearerof the article of apparel 100. That is to say, the activity program maybe configured for use by any size wearer or any size article of apparel100. The activity program and/or the processor 204 may allow for orcompensate for differences in dimensions to allow the distances of theactivity program to be read on the distances of Table 1.

In an example, the activity program includes baseline distances and theprocessor 204 conducts a calibration of the distances between thepositioning sensors 104 following the wearer donning the article ofapparel 100. Thus, in an example, the wearer may be prompted to standupright with arms relaxed at the sides, whereupon the processor 204 mayobtain distances measurements between and among the positioning sensors104. The processor 204 may compare those distances against calibrationdistances of the activity program and determine percentage differencesbetween the measured distances and the calibration distances of theactivity program. Subsequent distance measurements may be adjustedaccording to the determined percentages. Thus, if the calibrationprogram determines that the distance D_(A-C) for the wearer is 105% ofthe calibration distance for that pair while the distance D_(A-E) is 99%of calibration distance for that pair, subsequent measurements ofD_(A-C) may be divided by 1.05 and subsequent measurements of D_(A-E)may be divided by 99 before being compared against the distances of theactivity program.

Alternatively, the calibration program may be dispensed with in favor ofmachine learning or other adaptive programs that identify consistentdifferences between the measured distances and the baseline distances ofthe activity program. Thus, for instance, the processor 204 may store atleast some measured distances in the electronic data storage 206 andperiodically retrieve those distances and make comparisons over time.Those comparisons may be compared against distances of the activityprogram and consistent differences between the measured distances andthe distances of the activity program noted. Thus, if over time thedifference between the program activity distance and the measureddistance for D_(A-C) is 105% as above then the processor 204 maycompensate for the measured in D_(A-C) as above.

Further optionally, the distances of the activity program may be basedon a size or dimensions of the article of apparel 100. Thus, in anexample, where the article of apparel 100 is a size “large” having apredetermined set of dimensions, the distances of the activity programmay be greater than where the article of apparel 100 is a side “medium”.Similarly, the distances between positioning sensors 104 may bedetermined empirically for individual articles of apparel 100.Predetermined distances may be adjusted based on calibration mechanismsas described above.

In addition to cross-referencing the actual distances D against thedistances of the activity program, the processor 204 may compare otherrelationships based on the distances D. For instance, a relationship ofone distance D to another distance D may be indicative of atwo-dimensional relationship of three positioning sensors 104. Thus, forinstance, in an example where the wearer is holding their arm abovetheir shoulder, the distance D_(A-C) is measured to be seventy-five (75)centimeters while the distance D_(A-E) is measured to be one hundred ten(110) centimeters. Those distances may be utilized to determine a ratioof those distances of 75/110=0.682. The ratio as determined may becompared against a desired ratio between those two distances from theactivity program and utilized to provide feedback, as disclosed herein.

While a relationship between two distances D is described above, it isto be recognized and understood that any relationship between and amongthe distances D may be utilized. Thus, a relationship between and amongthree or more distances D may be utilized to establish a relativeposition of the positioning sensors 104 in three-dimensional space.Moreover, the relationships may be additive, subtractive, or any of avariety of mathematical relationships or concepts as desired.

The relationships may among distances between different times t. Thus,for instance, a relationship may be between the same distance D atdifferent times t. Thus, for instance, the relationship may be thechange in D_(A-C) between time t=0 and time t=1 second. In such anexample, the relationship may be reflective of the rate at which thewearer is moving their arm.

FIG. 4 is an abstract rendering of an activity program 400, in anexample embodiment. The activity program 400 includes a series ofparameter sets 402 of specified distances D and/or relationships overtime 404. Each parameter set 402 includes one or more distances D and/orrelationships and a specified value for each distance D and/orrelationship. Thus, for instance, a first parameter set 402 applicableto time t=1 second may specify that D_(A-C)=seventy (70) centimeters,D_(A-E)=one hundred ten (110) centimeters, and the ratio of D_(A-C) toD_(A-E) is 0.636. While some or all of the parameter sets 402 mayoverlap the values of Table 1, it is noted and emphasized that some orall of the parameter sets 402 may not include all of the values of Table1 and some or all may include values that are not included in Table 1.Moreover, the values that are included in the parameter sets 402 maychange from set 402 to set 402.

In various examples, the processor 204 is configured to compare thedistances D and/or relationships between and among the distances D froma time t against a parameter sets 402 of the activity program 400corresponding to the time 1. Thus, in the above example, at time t=1second, the processor 204 may obtain positioning sensor 104 data thatprovides for D_(A-C) of seventy-five (75) centimeters. The activityprogram 400 has a parameter set 402 corresponding to time t=1 secondhaving D_(A-C) of seventy (70) centimeters. The processor 204 thusdetermines that the distance D_(A-C) as measured is five (5) centimeterstoo long. Additionally or alternatively, the processor 204 determinesthat the distance D_(A-C) as measured is 75/70=107.1% greater thanspecified in the parameter set 402. Any other mathematical relationshipbetween the value of the parameter set 402 and the measured value fromthe positioning sensors 104 may be determined and utilized.

The processor 204 compares each value of the parameter set 402 of thecorresponding time t with the measured values from the positioningsensors 104. If a measured value is not available, for instance whereone positioning sensor 104 could not detect the sound wave 300 fromanother positioning sensor 104, then that comparison may be disregardedby the processor 204.

Each parameter set 402 may further specify a tolerance for a value.Thus, for instance, D_(A-C) may have a tolerance of seven (7)centimeters or ten (10) percent. The tolerances may differ from value tovalue. Thus, D_(A-E) may have a tolerance often (10) centimeters.Additionally or alternatively, the parameter set 402 may specifymultiple tolerances over a range that correspond to a degree ofdifficulty or precision required, e.g., with greater tolerances forlower difficulty and lower tolerances for higher difficulty. A user ofthe article of apparel 100 may specify, through various suitablemechanisms, a desired difficulty and the corresponding tolerancesutilized as appropriate. Alternatively, the parameter set 402 may notspecify tolerances with the processor 204 instead applying tolerances asstored in the electronic data storage 206 or obtained from analternative source.

The parameter set 402 may further specify a feedback program based onthe measured values not being within the tolerances of the parameter set402 values. To the extent that one or more measured or calculated valuesfrom the positioning sensors 104 is outside of the correspondingtolerance of the parameter set 402 value, the processor 204 maycross-reference the out-of-tolerance value(s) against the specificationsfor feedback to the wearer of the article of apparel 100.

For instance, if the wearer of the article of apparel 100 has his or herarm relatively too high for a given parameter set 402 of the activityprogram 400 then one or more of D_(A-C) and D_(A-E), and a resultantratio between them, may be out of tolerance. The parameter set 402further include a specification that, in this example, in the event thatthe ratio between D_(A-C) and D_(A-E) is out of tolerance that thewearer should receive a feedback to induce the wearer to correct theposition of their arm. The parameter set 402 may specify simply that thewearer should “lower arm” or an equivalent command and the processor 204may interpret that command and cause the feedback devices 106 to delivera feedback that corresponds to that desired effect. Additionally oralternatively, the parameter set 402 may specify specific feedbackdevices 106 that should deliver feedback to the wearer and the processor204 may simply cause the specified feedback devices 106 to deliver thefeedback.

It is noted and emphasized that the principles described herein withrespect to the positioning sensors 104 and the activity program 400apply as well to any other sensors that are utilized, including therespiration sensor 108. Thus, the parameter set 402 may further specifya respiration value, such as a rate of expansion or contraction of theribcage and/or an absolute state of the ribcage (e.g., a circumferenceof the ribcage), and a tolerance for that respiration value. To theextent that the respiration value as measured is outside of thetolerance, the parameter set 402 may specify either that feedback shouldbe delivered as determined by the processor 204 or may specify thespecific feedback that should be given.

The feedback may be customized depending on the all of the determinedvalues together. Thus, if the values indicate that the right arm is toohigh and the left hip is too far away from the center of mass of thewearer, then either the parameter set 402 may specify or the processor204 may determine the feedback pattern that would be expected to producea response where the wearer lowers their arm and moves their hip in. Thefeedback may simply be a combination of the feedback for each of thosedesired effects individually or may be different feedback, either byadding a new feedback device 106 to the feedback or by subtracting afeedback device 106 from the feedback, in comparison with simplycombining the basic feedback devices 106 of the two desired effectsindividually. The specific combination of feedback devices 106 that areused to provide the feedback may be determined empirically.

The feedback is, in various examples, based on stimulating pressurepoints with the feedback devices 106 positioned at those pressure pointsthat tend to produce a desired response. Thus, in the above examplewhere the wearer's left arm is too high, the feedback may be provided bythe left shoulder device 106A and the right ribcage device 106D. In suchan example, the feedback devices 106A and 106D may deliver a hapticstimulation to the wearer that may trigger a response, variously eithervoluntary in whole, in part, or involuntary, to lower the left arm. Thedegree of haptic stimulation from any one feedback device 106 may be thesame under all circumstance or may vary, for instance depending on thedegree to which a measured value is out of tolerance, with relativelymore simulation corresponding to relatively large variations fromtolerance and so forth.

As described herein, the processor 204 is configured to obtain data fromthe positioning sensors 104 and the respiration sensor 108 variouslyeither on an ongoing basis or on demand. In an example, the processor204 may maintain the application of feedback from the various feedbackdevices 106 until the measured values are within the tolerances of thecurrently relevant parameter set 402. Thus, in various examples, theprocessor 204 may stop the feedback because the wearer has brought themeasured values back within the tolerances of the original parameter set402 or because the parameter set 402, which was active at time t, is nolonger active at time 1S and has been replaced by a following parameterset 402 that is active at time 12. In other words, the feedback may stopwhen the wearer changes their posture or when the activity program 400moves on to a different action or position.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system 500 including the article ofapparel 100, in an example embodiment. The system 500 includes anexternal device 502 configured to display content related to theactivity program 400 on a display 504. In various examples, the contentis a video of the activity related to the activity program 400. Thus, inan illustrative example related to yoga education, the content is a yogainstructional video. The instructional video, in such an example,includes an image of an instructor or animated representation of aninstructor who assumes or otherwise directs the wearer of the article ofapparel 100 to assume certain yoga poses or conduct activities orexercises related to yoga, such as breathing exercises. The activityprogram 400 is synched with the video, such that individual parametersets 402 that are active at different times correspond to the positionsor exercises that are being instructed on by the instructor in thevideo. Thus, to the extent that the wearer of the article of apparel 100is not following the instruction on the video, that is detected by thepositioning sensors 104 and the respiration sensors 108, identified bythe processor 204 based on a comparison with the parameter set 402, andcorrective feedback is delivered via the feedback devices 106.

The external device 502 and/or the system 500 generally includes thetransmitter 210. The external device 502 further includes or is coupledto a processor 506 that is, in various examples, configured to cause thetransmitter 210 to transmit the activity program 400 to the transmitter208 and to the processor 204. As noted herein, the activity program 400may be transmitted in a single block, smaller blocks but at least someincluding multiple parameter sets 402, or may stream individualparameter sets 402 substantially in real time as those parameter sets402 pertain to the video as the video is being shown on the display 504.In the streaming example, the processor 204 may utilize as the parameterset 402 whatever parameter set 402 the processor 204 has most recentlyreceived from the external device 502.

In the above example, the activity program 400 is essentially fixed to apredetermined video instruction program. In such an example, theactivity program 400 is predetermined and now subject to change.However, it is to be recognized that the external device 502 mayfunction as a remote interface for an instructor who is giving liveinstruction at a distance from the article of apparel 100, e.g., notwithin the same room or general vicinity. In such an example, theactivity program 400 may be generated in real time based on the actionsof the instructor. In various examples, the instructor may wear anotherarticle of apparel 100 and the inputs sensed from the positioningsensors 104 and/or the respiration sensor 108 may be utilized as theparameters for generating a parameter set 402 at any given time. Theparameter set 402 as generated may be transmitted to the processor 204of the wearer and utilized as disclosed herein. Thus, in such examples,the activity program 400 may be generated on an ongoing basis fromwhatever the instructor is doing at the time.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are a depiction and a block diagram of an alternativeexample of an article of apparel 600 and related system 601, in anexample embodiment. The system 601, including the article of apparel600, may include the same or similar functionality as the article ofapparel 100 but utilizes a mobile device 602 having various componentsinstead of having those components native to the article of apparel 600,including a processor 604 in lieu of the processor 204, electronic datastorage 606 in lieu of the electronic data storage 206, wirelesstransmitter 608 in lieu of the wireless transmitter 208, and a powersource 610 in lieu of the power source 212. Instead, the article ofapparel 600 includes a mobile device fixation element 612 and a shortrange antenna 614 configured to communicate with a short range antenna616 of the mobile device 602. In various examples, the fixation element612 is a pocket or other mechanism configured to substantially securethe mobile device 602 in place with respect to the short range antenna614 and, in particular, to promote efficient wireless coupling betweenthe short range antennas 614, 616.

In this example, the positioning sensors 104 and respiratory sensor 108transmit data to the mobile device 602 by way of the antennas 614, 616.The processor 604 performs the processing functions previouslyattributed herein to the native processor 204. Those functions include,but are not limited to, determining the distances D and other calculatedvalues, comparing those against the activity program 400 and the activeparameter set 402, and then transmitting back feedback to be implementedby the feedback devices 106. In general, the mobile device 602 obtainsthe activity program from the external device 502 and in generalconducts provides the active computation, power, and long rangecomputing functions in lieu of native components of the article ofapparel 600.

In an example, the antennas 614, 616 are configured for wirelesscommunication according to near field communication (NFC) standards andpractices, including in the 13.56 megahertz (MHz) ban according to theISO/IEC 18000-3 standard promulgated in 2010 or according to any othersuitable wireless communication standard that has been or may bedeveloped. The antenna 614 may be coupled to or be a part of an NFC tag.The NFC tag may include an electronic data storage, controller,transceiver, power source, and various other electronics needed orsuitable for NFC communications. The tag may be passively powered andderives its operational energy from the wireless signal received fromthe antenna 614, along with the positioning sensors 104, the feedbackdevices 106, and the respiration sensor 108. In various examples, thetag may be or may be replaced with any suitable electronics that areconfigured to receive power from the mobile device 602.

FIGS. 7A-7C are illustrations of examples of arrangements of particularfeedback devices 106. In these examples, each of the feedback devices106 is an array of individual haptic motors positioned to createsensations for a wearer of the article of apparel 100, 600 that areintended to indicate or induce desired actions related to the activity.

FIG. 7A is an example of a shoulder array 702 that may be used for oneor both of the left shoulder device 106A and the right shoulder device106B or as any of the other feedback devices 106 as appropriate. Theshoulder array 702 includes five motors 704, including a central motor704A and four peripheral motors 704B. The motors form a first axis 706(as illustrated, a vertical axis) and a second axis 708 (as illustrated,a horizontal axis), each with three individual motors 704 forming agenerally straight line. The shoulder array 702 is configured to createvarious haptic feedback sensations in a wearer of the article of apparel100, 600 by pulsing the motors in combination and/or in sequence. In anexample, the motors 704 are separated from one another by a distance Dof approximately eight (8) centimeters and/or approximately three (3)inches, though alternative distances D are contemplated in variousexamples.

In various examples, the motors 704 pulse in sequence along one or theother of the axes 706, 708. Pulsing the motors 704 in sequence includes,in an example, pulsing a first motor 704(1) on an axis 706, followed bythe central motor 704A, followed by a third motor 704(3). In variousexamples, the sequence may involve multiple motors 704 pulsingsimultaneously as the sequence progresses along the axis 706, e.g., bythe central motor 704A beginning pulsing before the first motor 704(1)ceases pulsing. In various examples, only one motor 704 may pulse atonce, with the first motor 704(1) ceasing pulsing before the centralmotor 704A begins pulsing.

In an example, pulsing the motors in sequence along the vertical axis706 may tend to convey to the wearer of the article of apparel 100, 600a sensation of raising or falling/lowering, depending on the sequence,and may tend to induce the wearer to raise or lower their shoulder orback. In an example, pulsing the motors in sequence along the horizontalaxis 708 may tend to convey a sensation of twisting the shoulder or armin a direction according to the sequence. Additionally, the motors 704may be pulsed in any other sequence without respect to the axes 706, 708to convey various other types of haptic sensations to the wearer,including spiral or circular patterns and/or patterns that involvedelivering haptic signals from multiple motors 704 simultaneously.

As illustrated, the motors 704 of the shoulder array 702 areelectrically coupled with respect to one another via wired connections710. The wired connections 710 may be any suitable direct, electricallyconductive connection, including conventional wires as well aselectrically conductive thread or any other suitable direct connectionmechanism. Further, the motors 704 have a wired connection to apositioning sensor 106 associated with the shoulder array 702. While thepositioning sensor 106 is not a component of the shoulder array 702, asnoted herein, the positioning sensor 106 is positioned with respect toand associated with the shoulder array 702.

In the illustrated example, the positioning sensor 104 is an ultrasonicdevice that is further configured to communicate wirelessly with otherultrasonic positioning sensors 106 and/or ultrasonictransmitters/receivers. In various examples, the processor 204 isconfigured to communicate with the positioning array 200 by emitting orcausing a positioning sensor 104 to emit sound waves 300 that includedata. The data may cause individual motors 704 within the array 702 togenerate haptic stimulation that is perceivable by the wearer. Uponreceipt of the ultrasonic signal, the positioning sensor 106 interpretsa command included in the data and causes, via the wired connection 710,individual motors 704 to deliver haptic stimulation according thecommand, including according to predetermined patterns. Thus, in such anexample, the individual haptic devices 106 may be controlled by theprocessor 204 by wireless signals while, within the arrays (e.g., theshoulder array 702 illustrated here as well as other arrays disclosedherein), individual motors 704 are coupled via wired connections.However, it is noted and emphasized that any or all of the devices 106and/or the individual motors 704 may be have wired or wirelesscouplings, as desired.

FIG. 7B is an illustration of a linear array 712 that may be adapted foruse in some or all of the devices 106, example embodiments. In anexample, some or all of the left ribcage device 106C, the right ribcagedevice 106D, and the tailbone device 106H may be linear arrays 712 ofmotors 704. Additionally or alternatively, multiple individual devices106 may be implemented as a single linear array 712. Thus, in anexample, the left ribcage devices 106C and the left hip device 106E maybe implemented as a single linear array 712 running down the left sideof the article of apparel 712.

Various implementations of the linear array 712 may include varyingnumbers of individual motors 704, as desired and as utilized on thearticle of apparel 100, 600. Thus, in an example, where the linear array712 is configured to function as the combination of the left ribcagedevice 106C and the left hip device 106E, the linear array 712 may havethree (3), four (4), or more motors 704. By contrast, where the lineararray 712 is configured as the midriff device 106G or the tailbonedevice 106H, the linear array 712 may have as few as two (2) motors 704.

In various examples, the linear array 712 may be positioned in anyorientation on the article of apparel 100, 600 provided that the motors704 are generally positioned along a common axis 714. Thus, the lineararray 712 may be generally vertical when implemented as the left ribcagedevice 106C and generally horizontal when implemented as the tailbonedevice 106H. Implementations in which the linear array 712 is at adiagonal on the article of apparel 100, 600 is also contemplated.

FIG. 7C is an illustration of a T-array 716 that may be adapted for usein some or all of the devices 106, in an example embodiment. In anexample, the left knee device 106I and the right knee device 106J areimplemented as T-arrays 716. In an example, a central motor 704C ispositioned on the article of apparel 100 such that, when the article ofapparel 100 is worn by the wearer, the central motor 704C isapproximately 2-3 centimeters and/or one (1) inch above a kneecap of thewearer.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a sleeve 800 configured to be work over anarm of a wearer and incorporating various devices and functions of thearticle of apparel 100, 600, in an example embodiment. The sleeve 800may be worn independently of the article of apparel 100 or may be anintegral part of the article of apparel 100. In other words, the sleeve800 may be the sleeve of the article of apparel 100 or may, asillustrated, be a separate article that may be worn and utilizedindependently of the article of apparel.

In the illustrated example, the sleeve 800 includes a fabric 802, ananterior array 804 of motors 704 positioned on or within the fabric 802and a posterior array 806 of motors 704 positioned on or within thefabric 802. As illustrated, the arrays 804, 806 are linear arrays 712 asdisclosed herein. In examples where the sleeve 800 is an integralcomponent of the article of apparel 100, sleeve 800 includes an armpositioning sensor 104 as disclosed herein, such as the left arm sensor104C or the right arm sensor 104D, as appropriate for whether or not thesleeve 800 is a left or right sleeve on the article of apparel 100.Alternatively, the sleeve 800 includes one or more positioning sensors104 independent of or different than the positioning sensors 104disclosed herein. In various examples, each of the arrays 804, 806includes a separate positioning sensor 104 that is also configured toengage in wireless communication with the processor 204 in order tocause individual motors 704 to provide haptic stimulation to the wearerof the sleeve 800.

In various examples, the arrays 804, 806 function as disclosed herein toinduce the wearer to perform various movements or actions as disclosedherein. In certain examples, the motors 704 of the different arrays 804,806 deliver different levels or intensity of haptic stimulation to thewearer. For instance, anterior of the arm may be less sensitive than theposterior of the arm. Thus, in an example, the motors 704 of theanterior array 804 may deliver a more intense haptic stimulation thanthe motors 704 of the posterior array 806 in order to result in the sameperceived intensity by the wearer. This principle applies to the variousfeedback devices 106 and motors 704 and their corresponding locationsgenerally. Various implementations of the examples disclosed herein maybe individually tuned to the particular circumstances and locations inwhich the motors 704 are utilized.

In various examples, the motors 704 have variable and selectableintensity. In the examples disclosed herein, the sequences and deliveryof haptic signals to a wearer may have differing haptic feedbackintensity levels that are selectable depending on any of a variety ofconsiderations. For instance, the intensity may be higher the greaterthe degree to which the wearer deviates from a prescribed motion.Additionally, the intensity may be varied during a sequence or otherdelivery of haptic stimulation, such as by progressively increasing ordecreasing the intensity of the haptic stimulation during an action.

While various examples disclosed herein may tend to operate with themotors 704 of one array not necessarily operating in conjunction withmotors 704 of a different array, in various examples, including in thesleeve 800 example, motors 704 between two arrays 804, 806 may operatein conjunction to delivery specified patterns to induce specifiedactions in a wearer. In an example, a sequence may include a first motor704′ of the anterior array 804 followed by a second motor 706″ of theposterior array 806 followed by a third motor 704″′ of the anteriorarray. Such a sequence may be expected to induce a twisting or torqueingmotion in an arm of a wearer that might, for instance, be associatedwith the swinging of a tennis racquet or golf club.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are side and top views, respectively, of a button motor900 that may function as a haptic motor 704, in an example embodiment.In such an example, the button motor 900 includes a first housing 902and a second housing 904 enclosing electronics that include a hapticmotor itself. One or more electrodes 906 are configured to beelectrically coupled to direct connections 710 for the provision ofelectrical signals to the button motor 900. Additionally, one or both ofthe housings 902, 904 may conductive and function as electrodes. Invarious examples, the electrical signals may include commands for thedelivery of haptic stimulation and power for operating the electronics.The button motor 900 may be any of a variety of sizes depending on theintensity of the haptic signal to be delivered. In various examples, thebutton motor 900 is between 1.5 and 3.0 centimeters in diameter and 0.5to 1.0 centimeters in height.

In various examples, the articles of apparel 100, 600 and/or the sleeve800 include securing mechanisms for seating and securing button motors900 in the various locations illustrated herein or anywhere elsedesired. The securing mechanisms may be pockets, clamps, brackets, orany other mechanism that may create a friction fit with a button motor900. The securing mechanism may also be configured to bring theelectrodes 906 into electrical contact with a direct connection 710 toelectrically couple the button motor 900 to an associated array, asdisclosed herein.

In an example, the button motor 900 includes a native power source, suchas a battery, including but not limited to replaceable or rechargeablebatteries, a kinetic energy generator, or other suitable source ofpower. Additionally or alternatively, the button motor 900 operates onthe basis of power supplied by the direct connection 710. In such anexample, a single power source for the article of apparel 100, 600, orsleeve 800 may power some or all of the motors 704, or each arrayindividually may include a power source, such as a battery, to which themotors 704 of that array are electrically coupled.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for making an article of apparel, in an exampleembodiment. The article of apparel may be either or both of the articlesof apparel 100, 600 or any other suitable article of apparel.

At 1000, a fabric is formed to confirm to a body of a wearer.

At 1002, a plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors are secured withrespect to the fabric at a first set of predetermined locations, each ofthe ultrasonic positioning sensors configured to emit a sound waveconfigured to be detected by other ones of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and output an electronic signal indicative of havingemitted or detected a sound wave, the electronic signal configured to beutilized by a processor to determine positional values. In an example,first set of locations comprise a left shoulder, a right shoulder, aleft arm, a right arm, a left side, and a right side. In an example, thepositional values include a distance between a pair of the plurality ofultrasonic positioning sensors. In an example, the positional valuesinclude a ratio of a first distance between a first pair of theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and a second distancebetween a second pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors.

At 1004, a plurality of feedback devices are secured with respect to thefabric at a second set of predetermined locations, each of the feedbackdevices configured to output a feedback signal configured to bedetectable by the wearer of the article of apparel based on a differencebetween the positional values as determined and a parameter set of anactivity program. In an example, each one of the plurality of feedbackdevices comprises at least one haptic motor. In an example, the secondset of locations comprise a left shoulder, a right shoulder, a leftribcage, a right ribcage, a left hip, a right hip, a midriff, atailbone, a left knee, and a right knee. In an example, individual onesof the plurality of feedback devices are configured to output thefeedback signal to induce the wearer of the article of apparel to changeposture. In an example, the parameter set comprises at least one targetvalue indicative of a desired distance between two or more of theplurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the individual ones of theplurality of feedback devices are configured to output the feedbacksignal based on a variation between an associated positional value andthe target value. In an example, the target value is associated with atolerance value and wherein the processor is configured to cause theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based on the variation exceeding the tolerance value.

In an example, the activity program comprises a plurality of parametersets, including the parameter set, sequentially organized over time,each discrete period of time corresponding to not more than one of theplurality of parameter sets. In an example, the parameter set comprisesat least one target value indicative of a desired distance between twoor more of the plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein theprocessor is configured to cause the individual ones of the plurality offeedback devices to output the feedback signal based on a variationbetween an associated positional value and the target value. In anexample, the activity program is synchronized with an instructionalvideo and wherein individual parameter sets individually correspond topredetermined times in the instructional video. In an example, eachindividual parameter set is configured to reflect a correspondinginstruction at an associated predetermined time in the instructionalvideo.

At 1006, a respiration sensor is secured with respect to the fabric andconfigured to output a signal based, at least in part, on physiologicfactors indicative of respiration of the wearer of the article ofapparel. In an example, at least some of the plurality of feedbackdevices are configured to output the feedback signal based, at least inpart, on the signal from the respiration sensor.

At 1008, the processor is optionally secured with respect to the fabricand coupled to the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and theplurality of feedback devices.

At 1010, a wireless receiver is optionally secured with respect to thefabric and coupled to the processor, the wireless receiver configured toreceive the activity program from a wireless transmitter.

At 1012, an electronic data storage is optionally secured with respectto the fabric and coupled to the processor, the electronic data storageconfigured to store the activity program as received by the wirelessreceiver, wherein the processor is configured to access the activityprogram from the electronic data storage.

At 1014, a first wireless antenna is optionally secured with respect tothe fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices, the wireless antennaconfigured to establish a wireless connection with a second wirelessantenna coupled to the processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and the plurality of feedback devices arecommunicatively coupleable to the processor via the wireless connection.In an example, the first and second wireless antenna are configured tocommunicate via a near field communication (NFC) wireless modality.

At 1016, a holder is optionally with respect to the fabric, configuredto secure, at least in part, a mobile device, the mobile devicecomprising the processor and the second wireless antenna.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart for using an article of apparel, in an exampleembodiment. The article of apparel may be either or both of the articlesof apparel 100, 600 or any other suitable article of apparel.

At 1100, an activity program is received from a wireless transmitter. Inan example, the activity program comprises a plurality of parametersets, including the parameter set, sequentially organized over time,each discrete period of time corresponding to not more than one of theplurality of parameter sets. In an example, the parameter set comprisesat least one target value indicative of a desired distance between twoor more of the plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein causing theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal is based on a variation between an associated positionalvalue and the target value. In an example, the activity program issynchronized with an instructional video and wherein individualparameter sets individually correspond to predetermined times in theinstructional video. In an example, each individual parameter set isconfigured to reflect a corresponding instruction at an associatedpredetermined time in the instructional video.

At 1102, the activity program is stored in an electronic data storagethe activity program as received by the wireless receiver, wherein theprocessor is configured to access the activity program from theelectronic data storage.

At 1104, a wireless connection is established between a first wirelessantenna secured to the fabric and a second wireless antenna coupled tothe processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorsand the plurality of feedback devices are communicatively coupleable tothe processor via the wireless connection. In an example, establishingthe wireless connection is via a near field communication (NFC) wirelessmodality.

At 1106, a mobile device is secured, at least in part, to the fabric,the mobile device comprising the processor and the second wirelessantenna

At 1108, positional values of a plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors secured with respect to a fabric at a first set of predeterminedlocations are determined with a processor based, at least in part, onelectronic signals output by the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors, wherein the fabric is configured to conform to a body of awearer. In an example, the first set of locations comprise a leftshoulder, a right shoulder, a left arm, a right arm, a left side, and aright side. In an example, the positional values include a distancebetween a pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors. In anexample, the positional values include a ratio of a first distancebetween a first pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorsand a second distance between a second pair of the plurality ofultrasonic positioning sensors.

At 1110, at least some of a plurality of feedback devices secured withrespect to the fabric are caused to output the feedback signal based, atleast in part, on a difference between the positional values asdetermined and a parameter set of the activity program. In an example,each one of the plurality of feedback devices comprises at least onehaptic motor. In an example, the second set of locations comprise a leftshoulder, a right shoulder, a left ribcage, a right ribcage, a left hip,a right hip, a midriff, a tailbone, a left knee, and a right knee. In anexample, causing the at least some of the plurality of feedback devicescomprises causing individual ones of the plurality of feedback devicesto output the feedback signal to induce the wearer of the article ofapparel to change posture. In an example, the parameter set comprises atleast one target value indicative of a desired distance between two ormore of the plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein causing theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal is based on a variation between an associated positionalvalue and the target value. In an example, the target value isassociated with a tolerance value and wherein causing the individualones of the plurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signalis based on the variation exceeding the tolerance value. In an example,causing at least some of a plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal includes outputting the feedback signal based, at leastin part, on a signal from the respiration sensor secured with respect tothe fabric.

EXAMPLES

In Example 1, an article of apparel includes a fabric configured toconform to a body of a wearer, a plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors secured with respect to the fabric at a first set ofpredetermined locations, each of the ultrasonic positioning sensorsconfigured to emit a sound wave configured to be detected by other onesof the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and output anelectronic signal indicative of having emitted or detected a sound wave,and a plurality of feedback devices secured with respect to the fabricat a second set of predetermined locations, each of the feedback devicesconfigured to output a feedback signal configured to be detectable bythe wearer of the article of apparel. A processor is configured todetermine positional values of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors based, at least in part, on electronic signals output by theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and cause at least some ofthe plurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signal based,at least in part, on a difference between the positional values asdetermined and a parameter set of an activity program.

In Example 2, the article of apparel of Example 1 optionally furtherincludes that the first set of locations comprise a left shoulder, aright shoulder, a left arm, a right arm, a left side, and a right side.

In Example 3, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1and 2 optionally further includes that the positional values include adistance between a pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors.

In Example 4, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-3optionally further includes that the positional values include a ratioof a first distance between a first pair of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and a second distance between a second pair of theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors.

In Example 5, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-4optionally further includes that each one of the plurality of feedbackdevices comprises at least one haptic motor.

In Example 6, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-5optionally further includes that the second set of locations comprise aleft shoulder, a right shoulder, a left ribcage, a right ribcage, a lefthip, a right hip, a midriff, a tailbone, a left knee, and a right knee.

In Example 7, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-6optionally further includes that the processor is configured to causeindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal to induce the wearer of the article of apparel to changeposture.

In Example 8, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-7optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.

In Example 9, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-8optionally further includes that the target value is associated with atolerance value and wherein the processor is configured to cause theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based on the variation exceeding the tolerance value.

In Example 10, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples 1-9optionally further includes a respiration sensor secured with respect tothe fabric and configured to output a signal based, at least in part, onphysiologic factors indicative of respiration of the wearer of thearticle of apparel, wherein the processor is further configured to causeat least some of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based, at least in part, on the signal from therespiration sensor.

In Example 11, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-10 optionally further includes the processor, secured with respect tothe fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices.

In Example 12, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-11 optionally further includes a wireless receiver, secured withrespect to the fabric and coupled to the processor, configured toreceive the activity program from a wireless transmitter and anelectronic data storage, secured with respect to the fabric and coupledto the processor, configured to store the activity program as receivedby the wireless receiver, wherein the processor is configured to accessthe activity program from the electronic data storage.

In Example 13, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-12 optionally further includes a first wireless antenna, secured withrespect to the fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and the plurality of feedback devices, configured toestablish a wireless connection with a second wireless antenna coupledto the processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices are communicativelycoupleable to the processor via the wireless connection and a holder,secured with respect to the fabric, configured to secure, at least inpart, a mobile device, the mobile device comprising the processor andthe second wireless antenna.

In Example 14, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-13 optionally further includes that the first and second wirelessantenna are configured to communicate via a near field communication(NFC) wireless modality.

In Example 15, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-14 optionally further includes that the activity program comprises aplurality of parameter sets, including the parameter set, sequentiallyorganized over time, each discrete period of time corresponding to notmore than one of the plurality of parameter sets.

In Example 16, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-15 optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises atleast one target value indicative of a desired distance between two ormore of the plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processoris configured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.

In Example 17, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-16 optionally further includes that the activity program issynchronized with an instructional video and wherein individualparameter sets individually correspond to predetermined times in theinstructional video.

In Example 18, the article of apparel of any one or more of Examples1-17 optionally further includes that each individual parameter set isconfigured to reflect a corresponding instruction at an associatedpredetermined time in the instructional video.

In Example 19, a method includes forming a fabric to conform to a bodyof a wearer, securing a plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors withrespect to the fabric at a first set of predetermined locations, each ofthe ultrasonic positioning sensors configured to emit a sound waveconfigured to be detected by other ones of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and output an electronic signal indicative of havingemitted or detected a sound wave, the electronic signal configured to beutilized by a processor to determine positional values, and securing aplurality of feedback devices with respect to the fabric at a second setof predetermined locations, each of the feedback devices configured tooutput a feedback signal configured to be detectable by the wearer ofthe article of apparel based on a difference between the positionalvalues as determined and a parameter set of an activity program.

In Example 20, the method of Example 19 optionally further includes thatthe first set of locations comprise a left shoulder, a right shoulder, aleft arm, a right arm, a left side, and a right side.

In Example 21, the method of any one or more of Examples 19 and 20optionally further includes that the positional values include adistance between a pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors.

In Example 22, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-21optionally further includes that the positional values include a ratioof a first distance between a first pair of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and a second distance between a second pair of theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors.

In Example 23, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-22optionally further includes that each one of the plurality of feedbackdevices comprises at least one haptic motor.

In Example 24, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-23optionally further includes that the second set of locations comprise aleft shoulder, a right shoulder, a left ribcage, a right ribcage, a lefthip, a right hip, a midriff, a tailbone, a left knee, and a right knee.

In Example 25, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-24optionally further includes that individual ones of the plurality offeedback devices are configured to output the feedback signal to inducethe wearer of the article of apparel to change posture.

In Example 26, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-25optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the individual ones ofthe plurality of feedback devices are configured to output the feedbacksignal based on a variation between an associated positional value andthe target value.

In Example 27, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-26optionally further includes that the target value is associated with atolerance value and wherein the processor is configured to cause theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based on the variation exceeding the tolerance value.

In Example 28, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-27optionally further includes securing a respiration sensor with respectto the fabric and configured to output a signal based, at least in part,on physiologic factors indicative of respiration of the wearer of thearticle of apparel, wherein at least some of the plurality of feedbackdevices are configured to output the feedback signal based, at least inpart, on the signal from the respiration sensor.

In Example 29, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-28optionally further includes securing the processor with respect to thefabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorsand the plurality of feedback devices.

In Example 30, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-29optionally further includes securing a wireless receiver with respect tothe fabric and coupled to the processor, configured to receive theactivity program from a wireless transmitter and securing an electronicdata storage with respect to the fabric and coupled to the processor,configured to store the activity program as received by the wirelessreceiver, wherein the processor is configured to access the activityprogram from the electronic data storage.

In Example 31, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-30optionally further includes securing a first wireless antenna withrespect to the fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and the plurality of feedback devices, configured toestablish a wireless connection with a second wireless antenna coupledto the processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices are communicativelycoupleable to the processor via the wireless connection and securing aholder with respect to the fabric, configured to secure, at least inpart, a mobile device, the mobile device comprising the processor andthe second wireless antenna.

In Example 32, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-31optionally further includes that the first and second wireless antennaare configured to communicate via a near field communication (NFC)wireless modality.

In Example 33, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-32optionally further includes that the activity program comprises aplurality of parameter sets, including the parameter set, sequentiallyorganized over time, each discrete period of time corresponding to notmore than one of the plurality of parameter sets.

In Example 34, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-33optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.

In Example 35, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-34optionally further includes that the activity program is synchronizedwith an instructional video and wherein individual parameter setsindividually correspond to predetermined times in the instructionalvideo.

In Example 36, the method of any one or more of Examples 19-35optionally further includes that each individual parameter set isconfigured to reflect a corresponding instruction at an associatedpredetermined time in the instructional video.

In Example 37, a method includes determining, with a processor,positional values of a plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorssecured with respect to a fabric at a first set of predeterminedlocations based, at least in part, on electronic signals output by theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors, wherein the fabric isconfigured to conform to a body of a wearer and causing at least some ofa plurality of feedback devices secured with respect to the fabric tooutput the feedback signal based, at least in part, on a differencebetween the positional values as determined and a parameter set of anactivity program.

In Example 38, the method of Example 37 optionally further includes thatthe first set of locations comprise a left shoulder, a right shoulder, aleft arm, a right arm, a left side, and a right side.

In Example 39, the method of any one or more of Examples 37 and 38optionally further includes that the positional values include adistance between a pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors.

In Example 40, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-39optionally further includes that the positional values include a ratioof a first distance between a first pair of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and a second distance between a second pair of theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors.

In Example 41, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-40optionally further includes that each one of the plurality of feedbackdevices comprises at least one haptic motor.

In Example 42, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-41optionally further includes that the second set of locations comprise aleft shoulder, a right shoulder, a left ribcage, a right ribcage, a lefthip, a right hip, a midriff, a tailbone, a left knee, and a right knee.

In Example 43, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-42optionally further includes that causing the at least some of theplurality of feedback devices comprises causing individual ones of theplurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signal to inducethe wearer of the article of apparel to change posture.

In Example 44, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-43optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein causing the individualones of the plurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signalis based on a variation between an associated positional value and thetarget value.

In Example 45, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-44optionally further includes that the target value is associated with atolerance value and wherein causing the individual ones of the pluralityof feedback devices to output the feedback signal is based on thevariation exceeding the tolerance value.

In Example 46, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-45optionally further includes that causing at least some of a plurality offeedback devices to output the feedback signal includes outputting thefeedback signal based, at least in part, on a signal from therespiration sensor secured with respect to the fabric.

In Example 47, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-46optionally further includes receiving, via a wireless receiver, theactivity program from a wireless transmitter and storing the activityprogram in an electronic data storage the activity program as receivedby the wireless receiver, wherein the processor is configured to accessthe activity program from the electronic data storage.

In Example 48, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-47optionally further includes establishing a wireless connection between afirst wireless antenna secured to the fabric and a second wirelessantenna coupled to the processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and the plurality of feedback devices arecommunicatively coupleable to the processor via the wireless connectionand securing a mobile device, at least in part, with respect to thefabric, the mobile device comprising the processor and the secondwireless antenna.

In Example 49, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-48optionally further includes establishing the wireless connection is viaa near field communication (NFC) wireless modality.

In Example 50, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-49optionally further includes that the activity program comprises aplurality of parameter sets, including the parameter set, sequentiallyorganized over time, each discrete period of time corresponding to notmore than one of the plurality of parameter sets.

In Example 51, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-50optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein causing the individualones of the plurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signalis based on a variation between an associated positional value and thetarget value.

In Example 52, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-51optionally further includes that the activity program is synchronizedwith an instructional video and wherein individual parameter setsindividually correspond to predetermined times in the instructionalvideo.

In Example 53, the method of any one or more of Examples 37-52optionally further includes that each individual parameter set isconfigured to reflect a corresponding instruction at an associatedpredetermined time in the instructional video.

In Example 54, a system includes a fabric configured to conform to abody of a wearer, a plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors securedwith respect to the fabric at a first set of predetermined locations,each of the ultrasonic positioning sensors configured to emit a soundwave configured to be detected by other ones of the plurality ofultrasonic positioning sensors and output an electronic signalindicative of having emitted or detected a sound wave, and a pluralityof feedback devices secured with respect to the fabric at a second setof predetermined locations, each of the feedback devices configured tooutput a feedback signal configured to be detectable by the wearer ofthe article of apparel. A processor is configured to determinepositional values of the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorsbased, at least in part, on electronic signals output by the pluralityof ultrasonic positioning sensors and cause at least some of theplurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signal based, atleast in part, on a difference between the positional values asdetermined and a parameter set of an activity program.

In Example 55, the system of Example 54 optionally further includes thatthe first set of locations comprise a left shoulder, a right shoulder, aleft arm, a right arm, a left side, and a right side.

In Example 56, the system of any one or more of Examples 54 and 55optionally further includes that the positional values include adistance between a pair of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors.

In Example 57, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-56optionally further includes that the positional values include a ratioof a first distance between a first pair of the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and a second distance between a second pair of theplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors.

In Example 58, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-57optionally further includes that each one of the plurality of feedbackdevices comprises at least one haptic motor.

In Example 59, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-58optionally further includes that the second set of locations comprise aleft shoulder, a right shoulder, a left ribcage, a right ribcage, a lefthip, a right hip, a midriff, a tailbone, a left knee, and a right knee.

In Example 60, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-59optionally further includes that the processor is configured to causeindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal to induce the wearer of the article of apparel to changeposture.

In Example 61, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-60optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.

In Example 62, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-61optionally further includes that the target value is associated with atolerance value and wherein the processor is configured to cause theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based on the variation exceeding the tolerance value.

In Example 63, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-62optionally further includes a respiration sensor secured with respect tothe fabric and configured to output a signal based, at least in part, onphysiologic factors indicative of respiration of the wearer of thearticle of apparel, wherein the processor is further configured to causeat least some of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based, at least in part, on the signal from therespiration sensor.

In Example 64, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-63optionally further includes that the processor is secured with respectto the fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices.

In Example 65, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-64optionally further includes a wireless receiver, secured with respect tothe fabric and coupled to the processor, configured to receive theactivity program from a wireless transmitter and an electronic datastorage, secured with respect to the fabric and coupled to theprocessor, configured to store the activity program as received by thewireless receiver, wherein the processor is configured to access theactivity program from the electronic data storage.

In Example 66, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-65optionally further includes a first wireless antenna, secured withrespect to the fabric and coupled to the plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors and the plurality of feedback devices, configured toestablish a wireless connection with a second wireless antenna coupledto the processor, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and the plurality of feedback devices are communicativelycoupleable to the processor via the wireless connection and a holder,secured with respect to the fabric, configured to secure, at least inpart, a mobile device, the mobile device comprising the processor andthe second wireless antenna.

In Example 67, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-66optionally further includes that the first and second wireless antennasare configured to communicate via a near field communication (NFC)wireless modality.

In Example 68, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-67optionally further includes that the activity program comprises aplurality of parameter sets, including the parameter set, sequentiallyorganized over time, each discrete period of time corresponding to notmore than one of the plurality of parameter sets.

In Example 69, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-68optionally further includes that the parameter set comprises at leastone target value indicative of a desired distance between two or more ofthe plurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.

In Example 70, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-69optionally further includes that the activity program is synchronizedwith an instructional video and wherein individual parameter setsindividually correspond to predetermined times in the instructionalvideo and further comprising a display configured to display theinstructional video.

In Example 71, the system of any one or more of Examples 54-70optionally further includes that each individual parameter set isconfigured to reflect a corresponding instruction at an associatedpredetermined time in the instructional video.

As used herein, the term “memory” refers to a machine-readable mediumable to store data temporarily or permanently and may be taken toinclude, but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), andcache memory. The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken toinclude a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to storeinstructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken toinclude any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable ofstoring instructions (e.g., software) for execution by a machine, suchthat the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of themachine, cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium”refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based”storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storageapparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” shallaccordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, one or more datarepositories in the form of a solid-state memory, an optical medium, amagnetic medium, or any suitable combination thereof.

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or ina transmission signal) or hardware modules. A “hardware module” is atangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a groupof processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

In some embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically,electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware module may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. For example, ahardware module may be a special-purpose processor, such as a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware module may alsoinclude programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configuredby software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwaremodule may include software encompassed within a general-purposeprocessor or other programmable processor. It will be appreciated thatthe decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations.

Accordingly, the phrase “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or toperform certain operations described herein. As used herein,“hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Consideringembodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g.,programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured orinstantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardwaremodule comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software tobecome a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware modules) at different times. Software mayaccordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute adifferent hardware module at a different instance of time.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiplehardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achievedthrough signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses)between or among two or more of the hardware modules. In embodiments inwhich multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware modules may beachieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of informationin memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access.For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions describedherein. As used herein, “processor-implemented module” refers to ahardware module implemented using one or more processors.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, a processor being an example of hardware. Forexample, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed byone or more processors or processor-implemented modules. Moreover, theone or more processors may also operate to support performance of therelevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “softwareas a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations maybe performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines includingprocessors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g.,the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., anapplication program interface (API)).

The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed amongthe one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine,but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments,the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may belocated in a single geographic location (e.g., within a homeenvironment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other exampleembodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modulesmay be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

Some portions of this specification are presented in terms of algorithmsor symbolic representations of operations on data stored as bits orbinary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computermemory). These algorithms or symbolic representations are examples oftechniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing artsto convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Asused herein, an “algorithm” is a self-consistent sequence of operationsor similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context,algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation of physicalquantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take theform of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of beingstored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwisemanipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally forreasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as“data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,”“characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words,however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated withappropriate physical quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using wordssuch as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,”“presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions orprocesses of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transformsdata represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical)quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory,non-volatile memory, or any suitable combination thereof), registers, orother machine components that receive, store, transmit, or displayinformation. Furthermore, unless specifically stated otherwise, theterms “a” or “an” are herein used, as is common in patent documents, toinclude one or more than one instance. Finally, as used herein, theconjunction “or” refers to a non-exclusive “or,” unless specificallystated otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. An article of apparel, comprising: a fabricconfigured to conform to a body of a wearer; a plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors secured with respect to the fabric at a first set ofpredetermined locations, each of the ultrasonic positioning sensorsconfigured to emit a sound wave configured to be detected by other onesof the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors and output anelectronic signal indicative of having emitted or detected a sound wave;and a plurality of feedback devices secured with respect to the fabricat a second set of predetermined locations, wherein each of the feedbackdevices configured to output a feedback signal that is detectable by thewearer of the article of apparel, wherein individual feedback devices ofthe plurality of feedback devices are configured to provide feedbacksignals at respective different times according to a predeterminedfeedback signal sequence; a processor, configured to: at a plurality ofdiscrete sequential times, determine positional values of the pluralityof ultrasonic positioning sensors based, at least in part, on electronicsignals output by the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors; andcause at least some of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal corresponding to one of the plurality of predeterminedsequences based, at least in part, on a difference between thepositional values as determined at the plurality of discrete sequentialtimes and a parameter set of an activity program.
 2. The article ofapparel of claim 1, wherein the parameter set comprises at least onetarget value indicative of a desired distance between two or more of theplurality of positioning sensors, and wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal based on a variation between anassociated positional value and the target value.
 3. The article ofapparel of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to cause theindividual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal when the variation exceeds a tolerance margin of thetarget value.
 4. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein at least oneof the predetermined sequences incudes a variable intensity of thefeedback signal provided by at least one of the plurality of feedbackdevices.
 5. The article of apparel of claim 4, wherein the variableintensity is based, at least in part, on a degree of deviation from theactivity program.
 6. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein at leastone of the predetermined sequences includes providing the feedbacksignal from only one of the plurality of feedback devices at a time. 7.The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein at least one of thepredetermined sequences includes providing the feedback signal from morethan one of the plurality of feedback devices at a time.
 8. A method,comprising: determining, with a processor, at a plurality of discretesequential times, positional values of a plurality of ultrasonicpositioning sensors secured with respect to a fabric at a first set ofpredetermined locations, the positional values based, at least in part,on electronic signals output by the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors, wherein the fabric is configured to conform to a body of awearer; and causing, with the processor, at least some of a plurality offeedback devices to output a feedback signal corresponding to one of aplurality of predetermined sequences based, at least in part, on adifference between the positional values as determined at the pluralityof discrete sequential times and a parameter set of an activity program,wherein individual feedback devices of the plurality of feedback devicesare configured to provide feedback signals at respective different timesaccording to a predetermined feedback signal sequence.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the parameter set comprises at least one target valueindicative of a desired distance between two or more of the plurality ofpositioning sensors, and wherein the processor is configured to causethe individual ones of the plurality of feedback devices to output thefeedback signal based on a variation between an associated positionalvalue and the target value.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein theprocessor is configured to cause the individual ones of the plurality offeedback devices to output the feedback signal when the variationexceeds a tolerance margin of the target value.
 11. The method of claim8, wherein at least one of the predetermined sequences incudes avariable intensity of the feedback signal provided by at least one ofthe plurality of feedback devices.
 12. The method of claim 11, whereinthe variable intensity is based, at least in part, on a degree ofdeviation from the activity program.
 13. The method of claim 8, whereinat least one of the predetermined sequences includes providing thefeedback signal from only one of the plurality of feedback devices at atime.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of thepredetermined sequences includes providing the feedback signal from morethan one of the plurality of feedback devices at a time.
 15. A system,comprising: a fabric configured to conform to a body of a wearer; aplurality of ultrasonic positioning sensors secured with respect to thefabric at a first set of predetermined locations, each of the ultrasonicpositioning sensors configured to emit a sound wave configured to bedetected by other ones of the plurality of ultrasonic positioningsensors and output an electronic signal indicative of having emitted ordetected a sound wave; and a plurality of feedback devices secured withrespect to the fabric at a second set of predetermined locations,wherein individual feedback devices of the plurality of feedback devicesare configured to provide feedback signals at respective different timesaccording to a predetermined feedback signal sequence; and a processor,configured to: at a plurality of discrete sequential times, determinepositional values of the plurality of ultrasonic positioning sensorsbased, at least in part, on electronic signals output by the pluralityof ultrasonic positioning sensors; and cause at least some of theplurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signalcorresponding to one of the plurality of predetermined sequences based,at least in part, on a difference between the positional values asdetermined at the plurality of discrete sequential times and a parameterset of an activity program.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein theparameter set comprises at least one target value indicative of adesired distance between two or more of the plurality of positioningsensors, and wherein the processor is configured to cause the individualones of the plurality of feedback devices to output the feedback signalbased on a variation between an associated positional value and thetarget value.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor isconfigured to cause the individual ones of the plurality of feedbackdevices to output the feedback signal when the variation exceeds atolerance margin of the target value.
 18. The system of claim 15,wherein at least one of the predetermined sequences incudes a variableintensity of the feedback signal provided by at least one of theplurality of feedback devices.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein thevariable intensity is based, at least in part, on a degree of deviationfrom the activity program.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein at leastone of the predetermined sequences includes providing the feedbacksignal from only one of the plurality of feedback devices at a time. 21.The system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the predeterminedsequences includes providing the feedback signal from more than one ofthe plurality of feedback devices at a time.